The Falkland Islands support seabird populations that are of global importance, both numerically, and in terms of conservation status.

Falklands Conservation initiated the Falkland Islands Seabird Monitoring Programme (FISMP) in 1989/90. Its initial purpose was to monitor the diet and population dynamics of Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Southern Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes c. chrysocome), and Black‐browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) . Diet sampling was discontinued in 2003. Since then, population monitoring has continued on an annual basis with some changes taking place to the original format, such as the addition and loss of some monitoring sites and the addition of other species.

Currently the FISMP monitors Gentoo Penguin at 11 sites (17 colonies), Southern Rockhopper Penguin and Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at five sites (14 colonies) and Magellanic Penguin at one site (one colony). King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and Black‐browed Albatross are monitored at single, but key sites, in terms of population numbers. Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is monitored at one site (two colonies), Imperial Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) at three sites (four colonies) and Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica) at one site (four colonies).